Rube Goldberg and Simple Machines

Rube Goldberg was born July 4, 1883 in San Francisco. He was a smart child and grew up to be an inventor, sculptor, engineer, author and cartoonist. He enjoyed drawing and creating things. He graduated from Lowell High school in San Francisco in 1900. As an adult, he made cartoon strips and invented things. He won many awards and was known around the world. He died on December 7th, 1970.

www.nndb.com

Journal Entry: Energy Transfer and Simple Machine Learning
1.) Pulley-  A pulley is a simple machine that uses grooved wheels and a rope to raise, lower or move a load weight x mass
2.) Lever- A lever is a stiff bar that rests on a support called a fulcrum which lifts or moves loads
3.) Wedge- A wedge is an object with at least one slanting side ending in a sharp edge, which cuts material apart
4.) Wheel & Axle- A wheel with a rod, called an axle, through its center lifts or moves loads
5.) Inclined Plane- An inclined plane is a slanting surface connecting a lower level to a higher level.
6.) Screw- A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a pole which holds things together or lifts materials


Pulley




Lever



Wedge







Wheel & Axle

Inclined Plane

Screw

Newton's Laws Assessment

What are the relationships between forces and motion?
- The formula for force and motion is F=ma. When solving this, you multiply the motion x acceleration to find the force. Force is needed to create motion. Isaac Newton has three laws in which explains force and motion.

What are the variables that affect motion and force?
- The ground or friction can affect motion. Force can  be affected by someone or something that is either pushing the object or moving it.

How does Newton's three laws describe the motion of a moving object?
- Newton's three laws describe the motion of a moving object, because it describes how motion works and what could happen during it. It gives factors and many other things that affect it.

How does gravity impact objects?
- Gravity is a pull which brings objects back down to earth. Heavy objects do not float because of gravity, therefore many things are on the earth.

Proving Newton’s Second Law

 

Question

What is the relationship between force, mass and acceleration?

 

Materials used

·         …

2 spring scales, table ramp, metal car, weights, books and a table                           

Hypothesis

I think that force and mass strongly affect acceleration. It affects the speed of the object.

 

Procedure

1.)    First gather materials

-2 spring scales

-table ramp

-metal car

-weights

-books

-table

 

2.)  Set up the table ramp. Put block of wood onto books. The amount of books underneath determines the angle. As shown in the diagram.

 

3.)    Now attach a spring scale to the metal car

 

4.)    Add weights into the car. You can choose

              the amount of weights you want.

 

5.)    Next, pull on hook on spring scale, which will pull the car up the ramp. (On the spring scale, there will be a number and whatever the line is on is what the force is)

 

6.)    After determining the force, repeat the same process with different weights in the car.

 

7.)    Once you’ve done enough procedures and have enough data, graph all of your data in a line graph- force and mass on one and angle and acceleration on another graph.

 

8.)    Make sure units are correct and your data is put together.

 

9.)    Once completing the lab, clean up all of the materials carefully.

 

Results

 

Data Table

 

 

Graphs of Data

 

 

Conclusion and Analysis

From doing this lab, I learned that force and mass basically controls and affects acceleration. This lab was interesting to ma and I learned a lot.

Fantastic Forces

On Thursday February 6, we went on a field trip to the Museum of Science. During this trip, we saw a presentation of Newton's Cradle and we learned about friction. The presenter had glass cups and plates and stacked them on top of a table cloth. She then pulled the table cloth out from underneath the cups and plates really fast. The glass stayed on the table because of friction.

We then made bobsleds and raced them. We could choose a type of fabric to wrap around it and there were clips, old batteries, straws and pipe cleaners. We each made different unique designs and raced them down a hill.

The lightning show was very cool. I never knew that lightning made noise. I found it very interesting how he went into the metal cage and didn't get struck by the lightning.

The Audio kinetic sculpture was amazing. There were several pool balls that went in different directions and it was kind of difficult to follow just one. It was interesting seeing all the obstacles.

Chemistry of Life

Chemical reactions occur under the right conditions of temperature and pressure and with the proper catalyst. a catalyst can greatly increase the:
-Trace elements (less than 0.01%)
-Nitrogen (3.3%)
-Hydrogen (9.5%))
-Carbon (918.5%)
-Oxygen (65%)

Organic Macromolecules
-Carbohydrates
-Lipids
-Proteins
-Nucleic Acids

Synthesis Reaction
A+B ----> AB

Reactants A and B combine chemically to form a more complex molecule.

Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions happen when there is a color change, heat change, gas produced, and precipitate is formed. Precipitate is a solid that settles out. The parts of a chemical reaction are the reactants, substances that interact and are on the left side. The formula for that is Zn + 2HCI--------- ZnCl + H2.
The five general types are:

-synthesis
-decomposition
-single displacement
-double displacement
-combustion

Periodic Table

In Science class we are learning about the periodic table of elements.The Periodic Table is an organized way to put the elements together. The difference between a group and a period is that groups are vertical and the periods are horizontal. The periodic table is organized by the atomic number.

Flame Test Lab

Potassium:Kno3-purple

Cobalt:Cocl3-orange

Strontium:Sr(Wo3)-red

Barium:Ba-yellow

Copper:Culc2-green

Lithium:Li-red

1.) The liquids might fall into the burner. This causes the color to not be accurate.
2.) It was difficult to figure out, because the flame was the same color as another one.
3.) It is valid, because the flame could be the same color for more than one substance.
4.) By the different substances.
5.) Sr, Ba, Co, Cu, K
6.) I think that the chemicals have to be heated in the flame before the colored light comes out, because the flame would just stay the same and nothing would change.

Law of Conservatioon of Matter

In this lab, we did three trials, measuring the mass of before and after we tested the liquids. The difference between the masses before and after was about one gram for each trial. We observed the mixture and for all of them, it was either sizzling or clear. After we mixed them together, we took the cover off of the water bottle and measured the mass once again. The mass went down a gram for each trial. It was interesting how the mixtures changed in each trial.

1,)The color and the look of it changed. It was bubbly, and sizzling and then it calmed down.
2.)From the mass of the reactants to the mass of the products, the numbers go down.
3.)No, because it kept changing. The products of each experiment changed; it decreased.

Refllection for Article and Video

All of the elements of the Universe came from the stars and planets. The stars are made of different things in which caused the different elements to be formed. The big bang theory led to the Universe being formed. The Universe was just a small thing 16,000,000,000 years ago. Without the big bang theory, the Universe would not have been formed.

Our Universe was thought of as a singularity. People think that singularities are the core of black holes. And black holes are in our Universe. The Universe is cooling while we are in it. This is what they know about how the Universe was formed.

Scientific

Scientific Observations

 

 

In this lab, we had to test different liquids. We put different things in, such as tin foil. To me, this lab was interesting.

 

1.) The temperature of the water was 21 degrees Celsius

 

2.) When we put the copper chloride into the beaker full of water, turned green right away and it was sitting on the bottom. The temperature was still 21 degrees Celsius

 

3.) Next we put tin foil into the beaker. The aluminum started coming off in the water. The next day, the foil dissolved.

 

4.) We then filtered the liquid with a funnel into the flask. it came out clear and we poured it into the test tube.

 

5.) Next we put 10 mL of nitric acid into the test tube

 

6.) It was bubbling in the test tube 



Oreo Cookie Lab

Oreo Cookie Lab

Sarah,  Pentucket H.S.

September 12,2013

 

We measured the filling in three types of Oreo cookies to determine if filling amounts matched the advertisement.

 

Hypothesis: I think that the mass of all three will be different. All of the densities will be different too.

 

Method:

1.) Measure just the cookie part without insides

2.) Measure regular Oreo and subtract the mass of the cookie, then repeat with the double and triple.

3.) Calculate if the advertising is right

 

Results:

Regular- 8.33 for cookie

               3.27 for cream

 

Double: 14.5 for cookie

              6.17 for cream

 

Triple: 17.29 for cookie

            8.96 for cream

 

 

Conclusion: I thought this lab was interesting and from the results it matched the advertising. Overall this lab taught me a lot. 

Do Bowling Balls Float or Sink?

In this lab, we had three bowling balls of which one sunk, one floated and the last one stayed in the middle. We measured the circumference of each and then we calculated the volume and radius. The results were about the same and were all pretty c lose. This lab was very interesting to me.